Impact of Hot Environment on Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance, Renal Damage, Hemolysis, and Immune Activation Postmarathon
Table 7
Inflammatory mediators and markers of muscle damage after the marathon race in the temperate and hot environments.
RV
Before
Immediately after
1 day after
3 days after
CRP (mg/dL)
<0.8
HE
0.4 ± 0.01##
0.4 ± 0.01##
1.7 ± 0.2#
0.6 ± 0.05##
TE
0.8 ± 0.05
0.6 ± 0.05
2.5 ± 0.2
1.3 ± 0.1
α-1GPA (mg/dL)
50–120
HE
66 ± 3
77 ± 3
77 ± 2
72 ± 3
TE
69 ± 3
75 ± 3
77 ± 3
78 ± 3
Myoglobin (ng/mL)
<106
HE
44 ± 6
1016 ± 126
154 ± 20
84 ± 19
TE
46 ± 7
1059 ± 120
184 ± 26
96 ± 35
CK (U/L)
<171
HE
190 ± 28
481 ± 56
1427 ± 246
906 ± 381
TE
393 ± 155
568 ± 78
1828 ± 283
1231 ± 497
LDH (U/L)
120–246
HE
252 ± 12##
427 ± 33##
290 ± 19##
284 ± 20##
TE
500 ± 23
934 ± 37
669 ± 27
625 ± 32
Lactate (mmol/L)
0.5–1.6
HE
1.1 ± 0.1
2.4 ± 0.2
1.2 ± 0.1
0.9 ± 0.1
TE
1.2 ± 0.1
2.8 ± 0.2
0.9 ± 0.1
1.0 ± 0.1
AST (U/L)
<50
HE
28 ± 1#
37 ± 2#
75 ± 10
48 ± 7#
TE
37 ± 3
52 ± 4
85 ± 7
64 ± 7
ALT (U/L)
<50
HE
24 ± 2##
25 ± 2##
29 ± 3##
34 ± 4#
TE
39 ± 2
42 ± 2
48 ± 2
52 ± 2
GGT (U/L)
<73
HE
34 ± 4#
33 ± 3
31 ± 3
30 ± 3
TE
30 ± 3
32 ± 3
29 ± 3
28 ± 3
RV: reference value; α-1GPA: alpha 1 acid glycoprotein; CRP: C-reactive protein; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; CK: creatine kinase; ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate transaminase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; HE: hot environment; TE: temperate environment. The values are presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) of 26 runners. versus before the race; versus before the race; ; and versus temperate environment.
