Treatment Effects of Ischemic Stroke by Berberine, Baicalin, and Jasminoidin from Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction (HLJDD) Explored by an Integrated Metabolomics Approach

Figure 11

The signaling pathway changes triggered by HLJDD and its three principals. Red arrow represents the increased metabolites in MCAO rats and blue arrow represents the decreased metabolites in MCAO rats, as determined by ¹H NMR. HLJDD and its three principals greatly improved the damaged energy metabolism and significantly increased cellular antioxidants to scavenge overgenerated ROS during I/R. Autophagy could be induced by the inactivation of GSK-3β, which in turn was regulated by Akt. Upon the treatment of HD, Ber, and Jas, GSK-3β was inactivated via the regulation of the Akt, a positive regulator of p-GSK-3β (arrow: positive regulation; blunt-ended line: negative regulation). Similarly, the level of p-GSK-3β was increased by HD, Ber, and Jas. HD, Ber, and Bai treatments inactivated p65 by regulation of IKK or PI3K/Akt. COX2 and iNOS are downstream of the p65-active signaling pathway. As a result, inflammatory responses were inhibited.