Pro- and Antioxidant Functions of the Peroxisome-Mitochondria Connection and Its Impact on Aging and Disease

Figure 1

Pro- and antioxidant functions of peroxisomes and mitochondria in yeast and mammalian cells. Peroxisomes play important roles in the oxidative degradation of fatty acids. The peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation pathways are schematically depicted for budding yeast (a) and mammalian cells (b). Mitochondrial pro- and antioxidant functions and their interconnection with peroxisomes are summarized. ROS-generating and ROS-scavenging functions are highlighted for both organelles. FA = fatty acid; bFA = branched fatty acid; VLFA = very long fatty acid; SMLFA = small, medium, and long fatty acids; FA-CoA = fatty acyl coenzyme A; ETC = electron transport chain; Gpx = glutathione peroxidase; Grx = glutaredoxin; GR and Glr = glutathione reductase; Sod = superoxide dismutase; GSH = reduced glutathione; GSSG = oxidized glutathione; Prx = peroxiredoxin; Trx = thioredoxin; Trr and TrxR = thioredoxin reductase; DH = dehydrogenase; I to V = mitochondrial respiratory complexes I–V.

(a) Yeast

(b) Mammalian cells