Carnosic Acid, a Natural Diterpene, Attenuates Arsenic-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Reducing Oxidative Stress, MAPK Activation, and Apoptotic Cell Death Pathway

Figure 3

The cell viability, image, and flow cytometric assays in the absence (NaAsO₂) and presence of CA (NaAsO₂ + CA) in vitro employing isolated murine hepatocytes. (a) Effect of NaAsO₂ at different concentrations on cell viability in isolated murine hepatocytes. Values are represented as mean ± SD (). (b) Effect on cell viability in the absence (NaAsO₂) and presence of CA (NaAsO₂ + CA). Values are represented as mean ± SD (). ^#Values significantly () differ from normal control. Values significantly () differ from toxic control. Values significantly () differ from toxic control. (c) Hoechst staining of hepatocytes in the absence (NaAsO₂) and presence of CA (NaAsO₂ + CA). (d) Percentage distribution of apoptotic and necrotic cells in the absence (NaAsO₂) and presence of CA (NaAsO₂ + CA) analyzed by flow cytometric assay.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)