The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of ROS: New Insights on Aging and Aging-Related Diseases from Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Model Organisms

Figure 2

Examples of distinct DNA damage repair and response defects leading to genetic disorders in humans. Various damage types, including DNA double-strand breaks, bulky lesions, and base lesions, require nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and base excision repair (BER), respectively. Defects in DNA-damage-response pathways lead to genome instability and, consequently, to complex syndromes characterized by tissue degeneration, cancer susceptibility, developmental defects, and premature aging. AD: Alzheimer’s disease; PD: Parkinson’s disease; HD: Huntington’s disease.