Connection between Systemic Inflammation and Neuroinflammation Underlies Neuroprotective Mechanism of Several Phytochemicals in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Figure 2

Communication between gut function, systematic immunity, and neuroinflammation. Gastrointestinal function improvement by many phytochemicals can stimulate vagal reflex to affect brain neuroinflammatory response, modulate gut functional secretion of hormones and cytokines, and facilitate systemic innate immunity, leading to neuronal functional improvement or damage reversal. There are at least four approaches connecting gut function, systematic immunity, and neuroinflammation, determining neuroinflammatory or neuroprotective outcomes through dietary intervention of the phytochemicals.