A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial Evaluating the Effect of Polyphenol-Rich Herbal Congee on Bone Turnover Markers of the Perimenopausal and Menopausal Women
Table 2
Effect of various doses of herbal congee containing the combined extract of M. alba leaves and P. odoratum or MP on blood clinical chemistry values (). Values are expressed as mean ± SD; value < 0.05, value < 0.01; compared to placebo group.
Blood chemistry
Normal value
Group
Baseline
8 weeks
Mean ± SD
Mean ± SD
Glucose (mg/dL)
70–100 mg/dL
Placebo
87.33 ± 13.50
88.27 ± 12.19
MP 50 mg/day
84.67 ± 6.89 F (1,28) = 0.00,
81.47 ± 7.79 F (1,28) = 2.777,
MP 1500 mg/day
88.93 ± 15.04 F (1,28) = 0.23,
88.60 ± 15.80 F (1,28) = 2.814,
Uric acid (mg/dL)
2.7–7.0 mg/dL
Placebo
5.34 ± 0.77
4.96 ± 0.81
MP 50 mg/day
5.05 ± 0.76 F (1,28) = 1.097,
4.53 ± 1.08 F (1,28) = 0.656,
MP 1500 mg/day
5.43 ± 0.92 F (1,28) = 0.078,
4.74 ± 1.17 F (1,28) = 0.622,
Bicarbonate (mEq/L)
20.6–28.2 mEq/L
Placebo
26.41 ± 1.78
25.07 ± 1.34
MP 50 mg/day
27.68 ± 2.56 F (1,28) = 0.520,
24.79 ± 1.99 F (1,28) = 0.124,
MP 1500 mg/day
27.07 ± 2.42 F = (1,28) = 0.741
24.11 ± 3.24 F = (1,28) = 0.149
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)
20.6–28.2 mEq/L
Placebo
11.40 ± 2.73
11.53 ± 2.57
MP 50 mg/day
11.61 ± 3.18 F (1,28) = 0.039,
12.19 ± 2.57 F (1,28) = 0.496,
MP 1500 mg/day
10.89 ± 2.39 F (1,28) = 0.292,
11.41 ± 2.87 F (1,28) = 0.013,
Creatinine (mg/dL)
0.5–1.5 mg/dL
Placebo
0.66 ± 0.09
0.69 ± 0.10
MP 50 mg/day
0.68 ± 0.11 F (1,28) = 0.538,
0.68 ± 0.08 F (1,28) = 0.072,
MP 1500 mg/day
0.65 ± 0.09 F (1,28) = 0.905,
0.66 ± 0.12 F (1,28) = 0.195,
Sodium (mEq/L)
130–147 mEq/L
Placebo
140.47 ± 2.00
138.20 ± 2.60
MP 50 mg/day
140.80 ± 1.66 F (1,28) = 0.400,
133.40 ± 18.73 F (1,28) = 0.256,
MP 1500 mg/day
139.67 ± 2.13 F (1,28) = 0.303,
138.27 ± 2.46 F (1,28) = 0.319,
Potassium (mEq/L)
3.4–4.7 mEq/L
Placebo
4.67 ± 0.24
4.78 ± 0.57
MP 50 mg/day
4.69 ± 0.38 F (1,28) = 0.421,
5.03 ± 0.68 F (1,28) = 1.216,
MP 1500 mg/day
4.71 ± 0.62 F (1,28) = 0.822,
4.97 ± 0.55 F (1,28) = 1.444,
Chloride (mEq/L)
96–107 mEq/L
Placebo
94.70 ± 23.34
94.32 ± 23.24
MP 50 mg/day
100.73 ± 1.22 F (1,28) = 0.550,
100.47 ± 1.51 F (1,28) = 0.542,
MP 1500 mg/day
100.27 ± 2.79 F = (1,28) = 0.514
101.33 ± 2.38 F = (1,28) = 1.872
Cholesterol (mg/dL)
127–262 mg/dL
Placebo
214.00 ± 50.96
195.53 ± 48.86
MP 50 mg/day
217.27 ± 48.77 F (1,28) = 0.032,
208.07 ± 42.55 F (1,28) = 0.362,
MP 1500 mg/day
266.80 ± 32.03 F (1,28) = 0.215,
203.44 ± 24.42 F (1,28) = 0.650,
Albumin (g/dL)
3.8–5.4 g/dL
Placebo
3.90 ± 1.41
4.46 ± 040
MP 50 mg/day
3.52 ± 1.59 F (1,28) = 0.789,
4.19 ± 0.02 F (1,28) = 6.404,
MP 1500 mg/day
3.13 ± 1.63 F (1,28) = 0.050,
4.41 ± 26 F (1,28) = 8.348,
Globulin (g/dL)
2.6–3.4 g/dL
Placebo
2.69 ± 0.90
2.83 ± 0.35
MP 50 mg/day
2.42 ± 1.05 F (1,28) = 0.520,
3.01 ± 0.44 F (1,28) = 2.718,
MP 1500 mg/day
2.14 ± 1.08 F (1,28) = 0.058,
2.95 ± 0.28 F (1,28) = 3.079,
Bilirubin total (mg/dL)
0.3–1.5 mg/dL
Placebo
0.61 ± 0.39
0.51 ± 0.12
MP 50 mg/day
0.67 ± 0.35 F (1,28) = 0.000,
0.49 ± 0.16 F (1,28) = 0.776,
MP 1500 mg/day
0.66 ± 0.36 F (1,28) = 0.246,
0.51 ± 0.24 F (1,28) = 0.566,
Bilirubin direct (mg/dL)
0–0.5 mg/dL
Placebo
0.21 ± 0.09
0.19 ± 0.09
MP 50 mg/day
0.21 ± 0.09 F (1,28) = 0.178,
0.16 ± 0.07 F (1,28) = 0.741,
MP 1500 mg/day
0.20 ± 0.10 F (1,28) = 0.276,
0.15 ± 0.09 F (1,28) = 1.233,
Alanine aminotransferase or ALT (U/L)
4–36 U/L
Placebo
21.93 ± 10.85
26.33 ± 13.71
MP 50 mg/day
16.67 ± 7.21 F (1,28) = 2.005,
18.53 ± 9.04 F (1,28) = 3.492,
MP 1500 mg/day
17.00 ± 5.54 F (1,28) = 2.129,
18.87 ± 5.60 F (1,28) = 4.192,
Aspartate aminotransferase or AST (U/L)
12–32 U/L
Placebo
22.00 ± 5.01
24.93 ± 7.27
MP 50 mg/day
19.93 ± 3.79 F (1,28) = 0.919,
22.20 ± 7.31 F (1,28) = 1.716,
MP 1500 mg/day
24.40 ± 6.45 F (1,28) = 0.934,
23.93 ± 7.45 F (1,28) = 2.329,
Lactic acid dehydrogenase or LDH (U/L)
89–221 U/L
Placebo
214.07 ± 42.39
218.50 ± 49.20
MP 50 mg/day
202.40 ± 37.44 F (1,28) = 0.990,
219.54 ± 36.49 F (1,28) = 0.097,
MP 1500 mg/day
197.38 ± 24.93 F (1,28) = 0.879,
219.67 ± 47.83 F (1,28) = 0.586,
Creatine kinase–MB or CK-MB (U/L)
0–25 U/L
Placebo
19.30 ± 5.12
18.53 ± 5.05
MP 50 mg/day
18.91 ± 6.34 F (1,28) = 1.781,
21.53 ± 5.90 F (1,28) = 1.883,
MP 1500 mg/day
17.71 ± 7.51 F (1,28) = 1.879,
20.53 ± 9.20 F (1,28) = 1.657,
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
10–200 mg/dL
Placebo
141.53 ± 57.48
148.60 ± 54.76
MP 50 mg/day
137.53 ± 62.04 F (1,28) = 2.755,
97.20 ± 45.88 F (1,28) = 8.434,
MP 1500 mg/day
117.93 ± 48 F (1,28) = 3.092,
119.07 ± 50.23 F (1,28) = 8.792,
High density lipoprotein-cholesterol or HDL-C (mg/dL)
>35 mg/dL
Placebo
48.79 ± 17.40
52.07 ± 9.18
MP 50 mg/day
41.95 ± 16.44 F (1,28) = 2.90,
60.27 ± 12.06 F (1,28) = 0.491,
MP 1500 mg/day
36.93 ± 16.46 F (1,28) = 2.571,
64.47 ± 18.80 F (1,28) = 5.267,
Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)
