Ferulated Arabinoxylans and Their Gels: Functional Properties and Potential Application as Antioxidant and Anticancer Agent

Table 5

Potential application of AX gels in controlled release of biomolecules and cells.

AX source	Biomolecule/cell	Potential controlled-release system	Reference
Wheat	Ovalbumin (Ov)	Ov-AX gels for entrapment and controlled release of proteins. 70–88% protein release as Ov/AX ratio increased (24 h in vitro test).	[36]
Maize bran	Insulin and β-lactoglobulin	AX gels for controlled release of proteins. 11–18% of protein release at the end of a 15 h in vitro test.	[33]
Maize bran	Lycopene	Lycopene/AX gels for controlled delivery of biomolecules. 3–4% lycopene release at the end of a 4 h in vitro test.	[121]
Maize bran	Methyl xanthine (caffeine)	AX microparticles. 10% of caffeine release at a 3 h in vitro test (0.1 M HCl).	[35]
Ispaghula (Plantago ovata) seed husk	Metronidazole hydrochloride (MH)	MH-loaded calcium gelled AX microspheres for extended drug delivery. 90% MH release at a 70–80 min in vitro test.	[43]
Maize bran	Insulin	AX microspheres as insulin carriers for colon-specific drug delivery. Insulin release in the colonic region of diabetic rats.	[34]
Maize waste water (nejayote) and maize bran	Insulin, Bifidobacterium	Core-shell AX particle (AX-insulin/AX-Bifidobacterium) for entrapment and delivery of insulin and probiotics targeted to colon for diabetes treatment. 76% insulin release in colonic region using a simulator of the gastrointestinal tract (Simgi).	[32]