|
| Compound | Target | Possible mechanism | References |
|
| Ellagic acid (EA, 2,3,7,8-tetrahydroxy-chromeno[5,4,3-cde]chromene-5,10-dione) | Antioxidant and antiproliferative properties (inhibition of DNA binding of certain carcinogens) | ↓ MMP, ↑ cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation, and apoptosis | [43] |
| Sodium dichloroacetate | Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase | P53 activity | [46] |
| Acacetin (4-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone) | Unknown | ↓ MMP, ↑ cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation, and apoptosis | [47] |
| Metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride) | Energetic metabolism, cell proliferation through AMPK-dependent and independent mechanism | Apoptosis, inhibition of cell cycle entry | [54] |
| 2-Methoxiestradiol (2-ME) | Superoxide dismutase inhibition | Apoptosis | [55] |
| β-phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) | Glutathione antioxidant system | ↓ Glutathione, ↑ ROS, oxidation of cardiolipin | [56] |
| FK866/APO866 | NAMPT inhibition | NAD depletion, ↓ cell viability, ↑ ROS | [57, 58] |
| Valproic acid (VPA) | Histone deacetylase inhibition | ↓ AKT and ATM activation
↑ ROS, ↑ Cytochrome c release, activation of caspases | [59] |
| Venetoclax (ABT-199) | BH3 mimetic, BCL-2-selective inhibitor | Apoptosis | [61] |
| ZGDHu-1 [N,N-di-(m-methylphenyi)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-1,4-dicarboamide] | Proteasome inhibitor | Apoptosis | [66] |
| MCNA, metal-containing nucleoside analogues | PARP-mediated cell death | ↓ OCR, rapid membrane depolarization | [67] |
| ROS inducible DNA crosslinking agents | DNA crosslinking coupled with H2O2 | Cytotoxic, tumor-specific damage | [69] |
|
