Insights on Localized and Systemic Delivery of Redox-Based Therapeutics

Table 3

Preclinical and clinical studies using alpha-lipoic acid.

Alpha-lipoic acid
Route	Results	Reference
Preclinical studies
Oral	ALA slowed the rate of plaque progression in a diet-induced rabbit atherosclerosis model	[56]
I.P.	ALA reduced lesion size in a diet-induced atherosclerotic mouse model. ALA also reduced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in vitro	[59]
I.V.	Spleen weight/body weight ratio, levels of H2O2, lipid peroxidation, and levels of reduced glutathione returned to physiological levels in LPS-treated rats following ALA injection	[52]
Oral	ALA restored GSH, SOD, and catalase plasma concentrations to physiological levels in a pesticide-induced oxidative stress rat model	[54]
S.C.	ALA restored SOD and catalase concentrations to physiological levels in brain tissue of a phenylketonuria rat model	[55]
I.P.	Kidney mitochondrial function restored in LPS-treated rats following ALA exposure	[53]
Clinical studies
600–1800 mg; Oral	Five weeks of daily ALA supplementation alleviated the pain experienced by diabetics suffering from distal symmetric polyneuropathy.	[61]
600 mg; Oral	Four years of daily ALA supplementation improved neuropathic conditions of diabetics suffering from polyneuropathy and the 600 mg dose was well tolerated for an extended period of time	[63]
600 mg; Oral	20 weeks of daily ALA supplementation alleviated the pain experienced by diabetics suffering from polyneuropathy	[62]

I.P.: intraperitoneal; I.V.: intravenous; S.C.: subcutaneous.