Persistent Increased Frequency of Genomic Instability in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer: Before, during, and after Treatments

Table 1

Damage index and micronucleus frequency (mean ± SD) during diagnostic of breast cancer in relation to clinical characteristics of patients.

Parameters	Characteristics (n)	Damage index (0–400)	MN/1000 cells
Family breast cancer	No (58)	201.30 ± 59.21	4.09 ± 1.92
	Yes (42)	196.90 ± 60.60	3.80 ± 1.25
Clinical staging	I and II (59)	194.80 ± 62.36	4.36 ± 1.60
	III and IV (41)	205.10 ± 55.64	3.18 ± 0.98
Estrogen receptors	Negative (33)	227.80 ± 48.58	4.09 ± 1.22
	Positive (67)	185.00 ± 59.61	3.94 ± 1.66
Progesterone receptors	Negative (28)	218.30 ± 56.31	3.70 ± 1.15
	Positive (72)	192.10 ± 59.50	4.05 ± 1.66
Her-2	Negative (30)	183.80 ± 63.56	3.75 ± 1.39
	Positive (70)	203.60 ± 57.86	3.62 ± 1.40
Ki-67^a	Low (7)	189.20 ± 53.96	3.00 ± 0.00
	Moderate (15)	186.00 ± 45.53	4.20 ± 1.78
	High (78)	204.30 ± 61.46	3.90 ± 1.50
Chosen treatment	FAC^b (8)	206. 90 ± 75.83	3.80 ± 1.34
	AC-T^c (44)	183.80 ± 51.86	3.80 ± 1.29
Scheme	Only RT (48)	211.30 ± 63.42	4.40 ± 2.50

^aKi-67 = proliferation index: Ki-67 < 10% is low; Ki-67 of 10–25 is moderate; Ki-67 > 25 is high; ^bFAC: fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide; ^cAC-T: doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and taxol; RT: radiotherapy; QT: chemotherapy; n: number of individuals with the characteristic. Significant at in relation to progesterone positive receptor; in relation to estrogen positive receptor; Mann Whitney U test was the test applied to evaluate the table's variables.