Activating the PGC-1α/TERT Pathway by Catalpol Ameliorates Atherosclerosis via Modulating ROS Production, DNA Damage, and Telomere Function: Implications on Mitochondria and Telomere Link

Figure 1

Catalpol ameliorated AS in LDLr^−/− mice. 6–8-week-old male LDLr^−/− mice were administered with a standard diet with catalpol (0 and 100 mg/kg) or HFD with catalpol (0, 100, and 200 mg/kg). (a) Chemical structure of catalpol. (b) Atherosclerotic lesion formation by red oil O staining, . (c) Atherosclerotic lesion formation by HE staining and macrophage-specific CD68 staining, . (d–f) serum LDL-C and HDL-C assay, . (g–i) serum TG, TC, and FFA assay, . compared with the control group, compared with the HFD group. Error bars depict the standard deviation. HFD: high-fat diet.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)