Physicochemical Characterization, Microbiological Quality and Safety, and Pharmacological Potential of Hancornia speciosa Gomes
Table 3
Antimutagenic activities of the ethanolic extract from Hancornia speciosa leaves (EEHS), rutin (Rut), catechin (Cat), and isoquercetin (Isoq) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains.
S9−
S9+
S9−
S9+
μg/mL
TA 98
No revertants (%)
TA 98
No revertants (%)
TA 100
No revertants (%)
TA 100
No revertants (%)
NC
39.0 ± 3.2
—
50.3 ± 3.8
—
63.3 ± 2.6
—
46.7 ± 2.4
—
4-NO
3
198.6 ± 4.6
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
SAZ
3
—
—
—
—
256.7 ± 2.9
0
—
—
AFB1
3
—
—
231.0 ± 6.6
0
—
—
236.3 ± 5.9
0
EEHS
5
35.0 ± 2.1
82.3 ± 0.6
18.6 ± 0.9
92.3 ± 0.3
95.0 ± 2.9
63.0 ± 1.0
75.0 ± 2.9
68.0 ± 1.5
10
11.3 ± 2.3
94.0 ± 1.7
8.0 ± 1.1
96.7 ± 0.3
70.7 ± 2.3
72.3 ± 0.9
57.3 ± 4.3
75.7 ± 1.4
15
7.7 ± 1.20
96.0 ± 0.6
5.6 ± 0.3
97.6 ± 0.3
44.0 ± 3.8
82.7 ± 1.2
36.0 ± 3.6
84.7 ± 1.3
Rut
0.1
136.0 ± 5.5
31.3 ± 4.1
231.3 ± 4.1
−0.04 ± 0.01
269.7 ± 4.7
−0.05 ± 0.01
254.7 ± 5.2
0.01 ± 0.01
0.25
148.3 ± 0.9
25.3 ± 1.2
248.6 ± 2.0
−0.07 ± 0.01
285.7 ± 2.9
−0.11 ± 0.04
269.3 ± 0.6
−0.05 ± 0.01
0.5
175.0 ± 2.9
12.3 ± 0.6
>300
—
285.7 ± 0.9
−0.39 ± 0.5
275.3 ± 2.9
0.07 ± 0.01
Cat
0.1
211.0 ± 6.08
−0.06 ± 0.01
240.0 ± 7.1
−0.04 ± 0.01
284.7 ± 1.4
−0.11 ± 0.03
285.0 ± 3.6
−0.11 ± 0.01
0.25
240.0 ± 7.63
−20.6 ± 2.2
272.3 ± 3.6
−18.0 ± 3.5
289.3 ± 2.2
−0.12 ± 0.02
280.3 ± 4.8
−0.09 ± 0.01
0.5
>300
—
>300
—
291.0 ± 5.5
−0.06 ± 0.1
284.7 ± 6.8
−0.11 ± 0.02
Isoq
0.1
195.6 ± 5.0
0.01 ± 0.01
201.0 ± 4.3
0.1 ± 0.01
273.3 ± 3.3
−0.06 ± 0.01
281.0 ± 7.4
0.05 ± 0.06
0.25
>300
—
245.3 ± 6.6
−0.06 ± 0.01
284.3 ± 2.2
−0.31 ± 0.33
279.3 ± 5.8
−0.09 ± 0.02
0.5
>300
—
>300
—
289.0 ± 2.8
−0.12 ± 0.04
282.3 ± 4.3
−0.37 ± 0.03
Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains (CFUs) exposed to the direct mutagens 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NO) and sodium azide (SAZ) without metabolic activation (S9−). Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 (CFUs) strains exposed to the indirect mutagen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) with metabolic activation (S9+, microsomal activation system: microsomal fraction of rat liver homogenate). Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM of the experiment performed in triplicate. when the means of the treated groups are compared with the 4-NO (TA98/without S9), SAZ (TA100/without S9), and AFB1 (TA98 and TA100 with S9) groups. —: unvalued.
