Immunomodulatory Effects of Diterpene Quinone Derivatives from the Roots of Horminum pyrenaicum in Human PBMC

Figure 2

Bioactivity of the Horminum pyrenaicum root extract: Unstimulated (grey squares) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC; black squares) were treated with increasing extract concentrations for 48 h. Neopterin formation (a) and tryptophan breakdown to kynurenine, indicated by the Kyn/Trp (b), was measured in the cell supernatants. Results shown are the mean values ± SEM of three independent experiments run in duplicates. indicates significant differences compared to the respective unstimulated or stimulated control cells (set as 100%).

(a)

(b)