Yeast Cells Exposed to Exogenous Palmitoleic Acid Either Adapt to Stress and Survive or Commit to Regulated Liponecrosis and Die

Table 1

Some of the morphological and biochemical traits characteristic of palmitoleic acid- (POA-) induced liponecrotic regulated cell death (RCD) are unique to this mode of RCD, whereas other traits are shared by this mode and other (i.e., caspase-dependent apoptotic, autophagic, and necrotic) RCD modes. LDs, lipid droplets; PM, plasma membrane; PS, phosphatidylserine.

Trait	Caspase-dependent apoptotic RCD [references]	Autophagic RCD [references]	Necrotic RCD [references]	POA-induced liponecrotic RCD [references]
Nuclear fragmentation	+ [126]	−	−	− [58]
PS externalization within the PM	+ [126]	−	−	− [58]
Role of Yca1 and Nma111	+ (pro-death role) [106, 107]	−	−	+ (prosurvival role) [59]
Excessive cytoplasmic vacuolization	−	+ [127]	−	− [58]
Massive degradation of various cellular organelles	−	+ [127]	−	+ [58]
Rupture of the PM	−	−	+ [114]	− [58]
Permeability of the PM to small molecules	−	−	+ [114]	+ [59]
Excessive accumulation of LDs	−	−	−	+ [58]