Multifunctional Phytocompounds in Cotoneaster Fruits: Phytochemical Profiling, Cellular Safety, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects in Chemical and Human Plasma Models In Vitro

Figure 4

Effects of the Cotoneaster fruit extracts on human plasma exposed to oxidative stress: (a) effects on the nitration of tyrosine residues in plasma proteins and formation of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT-Fg); (b) effects on the oxidation of free thiol groups (−SH); effects on the peroxidation of plasma lipids including (c) formation of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), and (d) thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS); (e) effects on ferric reducing ability of blood plasma (FRAP). Results expressed as means ± SE () for repeated measures: , for ONOO⁻-treated plasma (without the extracts) versus control plasma, and for plasma treated with ONOO⁻ in the presence of the investigated extracts (1–50 μg/mL) or the standards (5 μg/mL). CB, C. bullatus; CH, C. hjelmqvistii; CS, C. splendens; CZ, C. zabelii. Standards: CHA, chlorogenic acid; RT, rutin; TX, Trolox®; ECA, (−)-epicatechin.

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