Multifunctional Phytocompounds in Cotoneaster Fruits: Phytochemical Profiling, Cellular Safety, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects in Chemical and Human Plasma Models In Vitro

Table 5

Inhibitory effects of Cotoneaster fruit extracts and standards towards lipoxygenase (LOX) and hyaluronidase (HYAL).

Fruit sample/standard	LOX		HYAL
	IC50^a; (μg/mL)	IC50^b; (μg/U)	IC50^a; (μg/mL)	IC50^b; (μg/U)
C. lucidus	487.75 ± 6.57^F	13.29 ± 0.18^F	25.65 ± 0.95^C	16.44 ± 0.61^C
C. divaricatus	479.98 ± 12.79^F	13.08 ± 0.35^F	34.22 ± 1.48^D	21.93 ± 0.95^D
C. horizontalis	421.85 ± 5.78^E	11.50 ± 0.16^E	40.51 ± 2.11^E,F,G	25.97 ± 1.35^E,F,G
C. nanshan	626.16 ± 5.04^H	17.07 ± 0.14^H	45.64 ± 0.76^G	29.25 ± 0.49^G
C. hjelmqvistii	290 ± 2.75^C	7.70 ± 0.07^C	44.44 ± 1.72^F,G	28.48 ± 1.10^F,G
C. dielsianus	914.97 ± 2.15^J	24.94 ± 0.06^J	35.07 ± 2.60^D,E	22.48 ± 1.66^D,E
C. splendens	734.25 ± 5.86^I	20.01 ± 0.16^I	34.36 ± 0.11^D	22.03 ± 0.07^D
C. bullatus	585.43 ± 16.14^G	15.96 ± 0.44^G	39.04 ± 0.82^D,E,F	25.03 ± 0.53^D,E,F
C. zabelii	375.87 ± 9.89^D	9.97 ± 0.26^D	33.33 ± 2.12^D	21.37 ± 1.36^D
QU	69.60 ± 2.62^A	2.46 ± 0.01^A	21.04 ± 1.03^C	13.87 ± 0.06^C
ECA	124.38 ± 1.56^B	3.39 ± 0.04^B	18.51 ± 0.50^B	11.87 ± 0.32^B
CHA	151.71 ± 7.52^B	4.14 ± 0.21^B	20.35 ± 0.36^B	13.05 ± 0.23^B
IND	90.12 ± 0.40^A	1.89 ± 0.10^A	8.61 ± 0.22^A	5.60 ± 0.07^A

Results expressed as means ± SD calculated per dry weight (dw) of the extracts; different capital letters within the same row indicate significant differences at in HSD Tukey’s test. Standards: QU, quercetin; ECA, (−)-epicatechin; CHA, chlorogenic acid; IND, indomethacin. Ability to inhibit lipoxygenase (LOX) and hyaluronidase (HYAL) calculated as the amount of analyte needed for 50% inhibition of enzyme activity was expressed as follows: ^aμg of the dry extracts or standards/mL of the enzyme solution and ^bμg of the extracts/enzyme units (U).