Clinical Study
Dark Chocolate Intake Positively Modulates Redox Status and Markers of Muscular Damage in Elite Football Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Study
Table 3
Baseline characteristics of elite football players before treatment.
| | No dark chocolate () | Dark chocolate () | |
| Age (years) | 17.0 ± 0.9 | 17.4 ± 0.5 | 0.859 | Gender (male/female) | 10/0 | 10/0 | 1 | WBC (×103 ml) | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 6.2 ± 1.1 | 0.983 | PLT (×103 ml) | 226.6 ± 55.4 | 230.0 ± 12.8 | 0.580 | RBC (×106 ml) | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 0.950 | LDL (mg/dl) | 82.9 ± 18.3 | 84.3 ± 22.2 | 0.566 | Glycaemia (mg/dl) | 84.0 ± 11.2 | 83.1 ± 19.1 | 0.448 | LDH (U/l) | 389.7 ± 59.9 | 384.2 ± 42.2 | 0.398 | CK (U/l) | 363 ± 21.83 | 341.1 ± 20.13 | 0.880 | Myoglobin (ng/ml) | 97.4 ± 40.8 | 105.8 ± 41.9 | 0.579 | hs-PCR (mg/l) | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 0.759 | sNox2-dp (pg/ml) | 18.9 ± 7.0 | 19.5 ± 6.7 | 0.844 | H2O2 (μM) | 38.7 ± 10.1 | 37.7 ± 6.6 | 0.746 | HBA (%) | 37.8 ± 27.8 | 34.9 ± 29.8 | 0.775 |
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WBC: white blood cells; PLT: platelet; RBC: red blood cells; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; CK: creatine kinase; HBA: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) breakdown activity.
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