Effects of Long-Term Treatment with a Blend of Highly Purified Olive Secoiridoids on Cognition and Brain ATP Levels in Aged NMRI Mice

Table 4

Relative normalized mRNA expression levels in brain homogenate from aged and aged POS-treated mice determined using quantitative real-time PCR in comparison to young control animals; mRNA expression of young control mice is 100%; ; mean ± SEM with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni posttest with ; ; ; results are normalized to the mRNA expression levels of beta 2 microglobulin (B2M) and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1).

	Aged	Aged + POS
AMP-activated protein kinase (beta subunit)	66.19 ± 6.00	72.63 ± 8.38
cAMP response binding protein 1 (CREB1)	64.27 ± 4.29	63.28 ± 5.94
Citrate synthase (CS)	66.75 ± 4.92	61.35 ± 9.16
Complex I (CI)	75.16 ± 3.34	67.53 ± 7.60
Complex IV (CIV)	58.89 ± 5.80	60.97 ± 8.00
Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1)	67.65 ± 8.76	58.78 ± 8.18
Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43)	63.43 ± 9.23	56.73 ± 8.13
Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1)	74.71 ± 4.65	75.36 ± 5.99
Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2)	97.23 ± 5.26	88.46 ± 10.39
Synaptophysin 1 (SYP1)	83.23 ± 6.08	72.26 ± 10.43