Plasma Protein Carbonylation in Haemodialysed Patients: Focus on Diabetes and Gender

Table 2

Studies that examined the plasma PCO levels in haemodialysed patients before haemodialysis (pre-HD) and after haemodialysis (post-HD).

Study	HD group number (age and sex) and dialysis vintage	Control group number (age and sex)	PCO HD group	PCO control group
Ward et al. [17]	22 HD patients (age 51 ± 5 years, 8 M and 4 F).; Divided into two groups: 11 patients treated with polysulfone membrane; 11 patients treated with cellulose triacetate membrane; Dialysis vintage 49 ± 11 months	17 healthy subjects (age range 23–54 years, both M and F)	Polysulfone membrane; pre-HD; 0.144 ± 0.037 mmol/mg protein post-HD; 0.175 ± 0.029 mmol/mg protein; Cellulose triacetate membrane pre-HD; 0.145 ± 0.030 mmol/mg protein post-HD; 0.178 ± 0.035 mmol/mg protein	0.041 ± 0.008 mmol/mg protein
Dursun et al. [48]	20 HD patients (age and sex unspecified); Dialysis vintage unspecified	20 healthy subjects (age and sex unspecified)	Pre-HD; 0.889 ± 0.063 nmol/mg protein post-HD; 0.997 ± 0.066 nmol/mg protein	0.417 ± 0.036 nmol/mg protein
Pieniazek et al. [18]	10 HD patients (mean age 58 ± 11 years, sex unspecified); Dialysis vintage unspecified	9 healthy subjects (age 46 ± 15 years, sex unspecified)	Pre-HD; 2.27 ± 0.2 mmol/l; post-HD; 2.94 ± 0.12 mmol/l	0.67 ± 0.07 mmol/l
Terawaki et al. [49]	83 anuric HD patients divided into two groups: patients with CVD; (, age 63.5 ± 12.5 years, 32 M and 34 F); Dialysis vintage 85.0 ± 64.6 months patients without CVD; (, age 74.3 ± 12.8 years, 11 M and 9 F); Dialysis vintage 58.3 ± 33.3 months	—	patients with CVD; pre-HD; 0.81 ± 0.16 nmol/mg protein post-HD; 0.53 ± 0.13 nmol/mg protein patients without CVD; pre-HD; 0.82 ± 0.17 nmol/mg protein; post-HD; 0.58 ± 0.16 nmol/mg protein	—
Albarello et al. [25]	23 HD patients (9 men and 14 women, mean age 50.8 ± 17.3 years); Dialysis vintage unspecified	—	Pre-HD; 0.62 ± 0.14 nmol/mg protein; post-HD; 0.86 ± 0.16 nmol/mg protein	—
Caimi et al. [19]	31 HD patients (61.5 ± 12.8 years, 16 men and 15 women); Dialysis vintage 48.5 ± 35.7 months	26 healthy subjects (age 43.54 ± 6.92 years, 17 M and 9 F)	Pre-HD; 0.62 ± 0.14 nmol/mg protein; post-HD; 0.86 ± 0.16 nmol/mg protein	0.440 ± 0.134 nmol/mg protein