17β-Estradiol Regulates Microglia Activation and Polarization in the Hippocampus Following Global Cerebral Ischemia

Figure 9

Effect of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RA) and neutralizing monoclonal antibody for IL-1beta (mIL1β) on expression of M1 and M2 markers in LPS-activated BV2 microglia cells in vitro. (a, b) Western blot analysis of cleaved IL-1β and Ym1 indicates that E2 treatment suppresses M1 marker, cleaved IL-1β, and upregulates expression of M2 marker, Ym1. (c, d) Quantification of Western blot analysis indicates that LPS activation leads to a significant increase in M1 marker, cleaved IL-1β levels, and a significant suppression by E2. It further indicates that M2 marker, Ym1, is significantly upregulated by E2. (e, f) Western blot analysis of cleaved IL-1β and Ym1 indicates that IL1RA and neutralization of IL-1β suppress M1 marker, cleaved IL-1β, and upregulate expression of M2 marker, Ym1. (g, h) Quantification of Western blot analysis indicates that LPS activation leads to a significant increase in M1 marker, cleaved IL-1β levels, and a significant suppression by IL1RA and neutralization of IL-1β. It further indicates that M2 marker, Ym1, is significantly upregulated by IL1RA and neutralizing IL-1β treatments (n = 5-6 per group) (, control versus LPS, , LPS versus LPS + E2, , LPS versus LPS + IL1RA or LPS + mIL1beta).

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