More than Just an Immunosuppressant: The Emerging Role of FTY720 as a Novel Inducer of ROS and Apoptosis

Figure 3

ROS levels are determined by a balance between ROS inducers and ROS scavengers. Determination of cellular redox status is achieved by a balance between ROS inducers (prooxidants) and ROS scavengers (antioxidants). Under physiological conditions, normal cells maintain redox balance with a low level of ROS inducers and ROS scavengers. In cancer cells, oncogenic signaling activation and/or metabolic alterations induce ROS generation, which also induce ROS scavengers to adapt oxidative stresses.