More than Just an Immunosuppressant: The Emerging Role of FTY720 as a Novel Inducer of ROS and Apoptosis

Table 2

Combination therapies with FTY720.

Combination of FTY720 with	Mechanism of action	Cancer types	Reference
Cisplatin	The downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and the decrease in EGFR expression	Human melanoma	[85]
Cisplatin	Autophagy	Ovarian cancer	[106]
Doxorubicin and etoposide	The promotion of apoptosis and the inhibition of P-glycoprotein and multidrug-resistance protein 1	Colon cancer	[107]
The fully humanized monoclonal antibody milatuzumab	The disruption of the autophagic-lysosomal pathway ROS?	Mantle cell lymphoma	[86]
Temozolomide	Apoptosis	Brain tumor	[5]
5-Fluorouracil, SN-38, and oxaliplatin	PP2A activation and apoptosis	Colorectal cancer human colorectal cancer	[108]
Rapamycin	Autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis induction in ROS-JNK-p53 loop-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K-dependent manner	Pancreatic cell	[109]
Sorafenib	Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, possibly through blockage of autophagy	Hepatocellular carcinoma	[110]
Gemcitabine	The inhibition of the S1P signaling pathway and both HIF1α and HIF2αaccumulation	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	[111]