A Pilot Study Providing Evidence for a Relationship between a Composite Lifestyle Score and Risk of Higher Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Is There a Link to Oxidative Stress?
Table 1
RBLS’s point assignment scheme.
Lifestyle component
Correlation coefficient with TAC/HPX ratio
Energy storage (0.11–0.33 points)
VAT fat mass (g)
1 = high (3rd tertile)
2 = medium (2nd tertile)
3 = low (1st tertile)
−0.11
Nutritional factors (1.4–4.2 points)
PUFA intake
1 = high (3rd tertile)
2 = medium (2nd tertile)
3 = low (1st tertile)
0.14
Trans-FA intake
1 = high (3rd tertile)
2 = medium (2nd tertile)
3 = low (1st tertile)
−0.05
Iron intake
1 = high (3rd tertile)
2 = medium (2nd tertile)
3 = low (1st tertile)
0.10
Vitamin E intake
1 = low (1st tertile) or higher than 270 mg
2 = medium (2nd tertile)
3 = high (3rd tertile)
0.19
Vitamin C intake
1 = low (1st tertile) or higher than 500 mg
2 = medium (2nd tertile)
3 = high (3rd tertile)
0.09
α-Carotene intake
1 = low (1st tertile) or higher than 15 mg
2 = medium (2nd tertile)
3 = high (3rd tertile)
0.29
β-Carotene intake
1 = low (1st tertile) or higher than 15 mg
2 = medium (2nd tertile)
3 = high (3rd tertile)
0.19
Lycopene intake
1 = low (1st tertile) or higher than 15 mg
2 = medium (2nd tertile)
3 = high (3rd tertile)
0.04
Lutein and zeaxanthin intake
1 = low (1st tertile) or higher than 15 mg
2 = medium (2nd tertile)
3 = high (3rd tertile)
0.17
β-Cryptoxanthine intake
1 = low (1st tertile) or higher than 15 mg
2 = medium (2nd tertile)
3 = high (3rd tertile)
0.14
Common social drug use (0.44–1.32 points)
Caffeine intake
1 = high (3rd tertile)
2 = medium (2nd tertile)
3 = low (1st tertile)
−0.28
Alcohol intake
1 = high (>1 drink/day)
2 = medium (1 drink/day)
3 = low (None)
−0.14
Smoking history
1 = current smoker
2 = previous smoker
3 = never smoker
−0.02
Physical activity (0.38–1.14 points)
Physical activity
1 = sedentary/low
2 = moderate
3 = high
0.17
Sitting time
1 = high (3rd tertile)
2 = medium (2nd tertile)
3 = low (1st tertile)
−0.21
Psychological factors (0.34–1.02 points)
Depression score
1 = high (3rd tertile)
2 = medium (2nd tertile)
3 = low (1st tertile)
−0.18
Stress score
1 = high (3rd tertile)
2 = medium (2nd tertile)
3 = low (1st tertile)
−0.09
Anxiety score
1 = high (3rd tertile)
2 = medium (2nd tertile)
3 = low (1st tertile)
0.07
Sleep quality (0.52–1.56 points)
PSQI
1 = high (3rd tertile)
2 = medium (2nd tertile)
3 = low (1st tertile)
−0.25
Apnoea risk
1 = high
3 = low
0.27
TAC: total antioxidant capacity; HPX: hydroperoxide; VAT: visceral adipose tissue; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; PSQI: Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Comparisons were made using Pearson’s correlation unless otherwise stated; comparisons were made using Spearman’s correlation; ; points were calculated by multiplying the point value of each lifestyle component by the (absolute) correlation coefficient of the association between the relevant component and plasma redox balance index of TAC/HPX ratio; the level previously linked to oxidative activity [34, 35].
