Procyanidins Extracted from Lotus Seedpod Ameliorate Amyloid-β-Induced Toxicity in Rat Pheochromocytoma Cells

Table 1

Quantities of compounds in rat tissues of control and LSPC groups.

(a)

Compound (ng/g)	Brain		Cardiac		Liver
	Control	LSPC	Control	LSPC	Control	LSPC
	Mean ± SEM	Mean ± SEM	Mean ± SEM	Mean ± SEM	Mean ± SEM	Mean ± SEM
PDB	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
ECG	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
EGC	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Quercetin	35.84 ± 2.63	46.72 ± 2.57	29.29 ± 1.54	40.96 ± 2.54	27.71 ± 1.45	49.12 ± 3.63
Catechin	ND	ND	ND	7.96 ± 3.47	ND	7.59 ± 6.59
Epicatechin	ND	82.36 ± 7.79	ND	66.36 ± 31.51	ND	55.50 ± 9.13^∗∗∗
Syringic acid	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Ferulic acid	54.21 ± 3.81	84.45 ± 8.96	ND	ND	ND	ND
HVA	142.07 ± 12.50	236.36 ± 63.98	ND	ND	1.52 ± 0.94	19.36 ± 2.53
Caffeic acid	109.07 ± 3.95	120.93 ± 5.73	86.50 ± 1.70	96.00 ± 3.57	79.50 ± 1.70	92.50 ± 4.98
Gallic acid	39.88 ± 2.83	69.36 ± 4.72	12.44 ± 1.44	20.48 ± 3.30	17.74 ± 3.15	30.13 ± 4.09
Vanillic acid	67.92 ± 11.19	122.50 ± 17.15	ND	ND	ND	ND
3,4-DHPA	154.21 ± 22.81	361.71 ± 162.66	18.64 ± 1.92	21.89 ± 2.08	ND	ND
p-HPPA	14.29 ± 2.75	22.29 ± 3.66	22.31 ± 13.30	9.43 ± 3.24	8.99 ± 6.41	28.09 ± 7.20
m-Coumaric acid	9.26 ± 0.98	13.20 ± 0.97	ND	ND	ND	ND
PCC	183.64 ± 11.80	231.29 ± 16.06	211.21 ± 12.03	279.43 ± 40.98	112.14 ± 6.73	152.93 ± 19.14
3-HPAA	16.03 ± 1.16	25.47 ± 2.65	18.81 ± 0.77	26.89 ± 3.00	104.00 ± 9.17	170.86 ± 13.76
3-HBA	58.11 ± 12.87	83.49 ± 38.02	10.53 ± 4.37	8.26 ± 1.81	ND	4.13 ± 0.73
Pyrocatechol	94.21 ± 5.88	124.79 ± 9.49	54.54 ± 2.66	63.49 ± 5.27	13.46 ± 1.94	21.16 ± 2.92

(b)

Compound (ng/g)	Kidney		Spleen		Pancreas
	Control	LSPC	Control	LSPC	Control	LSPC
	Mean ± SEM	Mean ± SEM	Mean ± SEM	Mean ± SEM	Mean ± SEM	Mean ± SEM
PDB	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
ECG	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
EGC	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Quercetin	20.40 ± 1.27	49.55 ± 2.99	29.13 ± 1.56	38.49 ± 3.66	17.55 ± 6.23	50.78 ± 3.15
Catechin	ND	7.01 ± 1.66	ND	ND	ND	ND
Epicatechin	ND	32.40 ± 4.37	ND	33.71 ± 21.76	ND	ND
Syringic acid	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Ferulic acid	ND	ND	ND	ND	18.49 ± 7.86	41.51 ± 3.58
HVA	14.46 ± 3.31	73.71 ± 9.05	ND	ND	ND	ND
Caffeic acid	71.00 ± 2.25	101.50 ± 5.90	51.88 ± 2.60	52.31 ± 2.93	114.43 ± 6.23	126.86 ± 7.82
Gallic acid	25.64 ± 1.35	51.12 ± 17.29	22.47 ± 1.69	26.72 ± 1.16	30.32 ± 5.58	47.08 ± 1.43
Vanillic acid	ND	21.83 ± 7.41	ND	ND	23.72 ± 6.33	44.05 ± 7.34
3,4-DHPA	9.34 ± 1.83	20.89 ± 2.45	9.19 ± 2.48	19.31 ± 1.24	ND	ND
p-HPPA	85.69 ± 61.94	279.71 ± 67.66	5.65 ± 2.74	12.77 ± 3.75	ND	ND
m-Coumaric acid	ND	20.05 ± 13.39	ND	ND	17.88 ± 3.71	36.21 ± 4.51
PCC	118.43 ± 10.88	134.29 ± 8.74	145.71 ± 16.17	152.14 ± 17.77	216.86 ± 17.69	229.21 ± 12.45
3-HPAA	15.31 ± 1.37	21.62 ± 3.21	2.82 ± 1.11	2.14 ± 0.73	40.83 ± 3.56	49.78 ± 4.52
3-HBA	5.40 ± 0.68	26.16 ± 2.60	3.12 ± 0.87	4.29 ± 0.99	ND	ND
Pyrocatechol	19.98 ± 1.67	33.25 ± 3.60	16.56 ± 2.84	16.81 ± 3.78	69.26 ± 5.06	70.64 ± 3.89

Note: control and LSPC represent different intervention groups, respectively. PDB, ECG, EGC, HVA, 3,4-DHPA, p-HPPA, PCC, 3-HPAA, and 3-HBA stand for procyanidin dimer B, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, homovanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, protocatechuic acid, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, respectively. Values represent the concentrations of metabolites in different rat tissues, and they were all presented as the means ± SEM (); ND = not detected; , , indicates significant differences between two groups with or without LSPC (, , and ), respectively.