Palmitoylethanolamide Dampens Reactive Astrogliosis and Improves Neuronal Trophic Support in a Triple Transgenic Model of Alzheimer’s Disease: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence

Figure 2

Study of parameters related to reactive astrogliosis in 3×Tg-AD and non-Tg primary astrocytes. (a) Representative fluorescent photomicrographs of GFAP (green) and (b) signal quantification in both non-Tg (white bar) and 3×Tg-AD (black bar) primary astrocytes. (c) Representative fluorescent photomicrographs of S100B (red) and (d) signal quantification in both non-Tg (white bar) and 3×Tg-AD (black bar) primary astrocytes. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar is 50 μm. Fluorescence analysis is expressed as ΔF/F₀. (e) Representative bands and Western blot densitometric analysis of (f) GFAP, (g) S100B, (h) iNOS, and (i) COX-2. β-Actin was used as loading control. Results are expressed as percentage of the mean control value (non-Tg cells). Experiments were performed three times in triplicate. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. The statistical analysis was performed by Student’s t-test ( and versus non-Tg group).

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