Sodium Ferulate Attenuates Lidocaine-Induced Corneal Endothelial Impairment

Figure 1

(a) Morphological changes in HCE cells after treatment with LD and SF for 24 h followed by incubation with 50 mg/L SF. The treatments and observation times are shown at the top left of each photograph. One representative photograph from three independent experiments is shown. Groups I–V: HCE cells were treated with 2 g/L LD in combination with 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L SF, respectively. RSFI–RSFV: incubation of groups I–V for 24 h followed by treatment with 50 mg/L SF. Typical morphological features of HCE cells are shrinkage, rounding, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and detachment from substratum. Scale bar: 50 μm. (b) Morphological changes in HCE cells after LD and SF treatment for 4 h followed by incubation in 10% FBS-DMEM/F12. The treatment and observation times are shown in the top left of each photograph. One representative photograph from three independent experiments is shown. Groups VIII–X: HCE cells were treated, respectively, with 2 g/L LD in combination with 0, 50, and 100 mg/L SF in 10% FBS-DMEM/F12. RSFVIII–RSFX: treatment of GVIII–GX for 4 h followed by treatment with 10% FBS-DMEM/F12. Scale bar: 50 μm.

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