Benefit of Oleuropein Aglycone for Alzheimer’s Disease by Promoting Autophagy

Figure 1

Gene expression profiling revealed dysregulation of mTOR, autophagy, and mitophagy pathways in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Genes having significant differential expression between brain samples from normal controls subjects and AD patients were extracted. The analysis was done from a microarray dataset having 253 samples from 84 patients ( normal; AD patients [30]). Samples were collected from four brain regions: hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, superior frontal cortex, postcentral gyrus. Enrichment in pathways and biological processes of deregulated genes was done using GSEA and Gene Ontology analyses, and the significance of the results ( value) for each pathway was represented in the graph. We could observe that mTOR pathway was significantly upregulated, whereas autophagy and mitophagy were significantly downregulated in AD. Genes that exhibited up or downregulation with value <0.01 using two-tailed Student’s t-test were selected for representation. Graphs show nodes plots of these altered genes in AD versus controls in each of these pathways using NetworkAnalyst software (http://www.networkanalyst.ca/faces/home.xhtml).