Therapeutic Modulation of Virus-Induced Oxidative Stress via the Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidative Pathway

Figure 1

Induction of oxidative stress by a virus infection and genome replication. Subsequent activation of the Nrf2 pathway and amelioration of oxidative stress-induced cellular injury. Abbreviations used within the figure are as follows. Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; KEAP1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; CUL3: cullin-3; AREs: antioxidant response elements; HO-1: heme oxygenase-1; NQO-1: NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1; GCL: glutamate cysteine ligase; GST: glutathione; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; G6PD: glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase.