Hydrogen Sulfide Biochemistry and Interplay with Other Gaseous Mediators in Mammalian Physiology

Table 1

Protein targets for cysteine persulfidation and molecular and cellular consequences.

Protein	Target cysteine	Physiological process	Consequences of persulfidation	Refs.
Protein Tyr phosphatase 1B (PTP1B)	Cys215	ER stress response	PTP1B is inhibited, enhancing PERK^(a)-mediated phosphorylation of eIF2α^(b), suppressing protein translation.	[137]
p65 subunit of nuclear factor кB (NF-кB)	Cys38	NF-κB signaling; apoptosis	Stimulates binding of p65 to ribosomal protein S3, resulting in increased translation of prosurvival genes.	[138]
Inwardly rectifying potassium channel subunit Kir6.1	Cys43	Vasorelaxation and vasodilation	Enhances channel activity through decreased affinity for ATP and increased binding of PtdIns(4,5)P2^(c).	[139]

^aProtein kinase RNA-like ER kinase; ^beukaryotic translational initiation factor 2α; ^cphosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate.