The Role of TLR4 on PGC-1α-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Tubular Cell in Diabetic Kidney Disease

Figure 6

Inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling reversed mitochondrial cytochrome C release, mitochondrial morphology, function, and early apoptosis in HK-2 cells under HG ambience. HK-2 cells were treated with TAK242 for 2 h prior to HG (30 mM) treatment for 24 h and with parthenolide and HG (30 mM) for 24 h. (a) A1–A3: Western blot shows protein expressions of mitochondrial cytochrome C and cytoplasmic cytochrome C. (b) The level of ATP production. (c) The activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. (d) Activity of CAT. (e) Activity of MnSOD. . The values in b–e were displayed as fold change compared to the control. (f) Fluorescence microscopy shows mitochondria stained with MitoTracker Red CMXRos (red) (F1) and was evaluated to determine the percentage of cells that fragmented mitochondria (F2). (g) Hoechst 33258 staining shows early apoptosis of tubular cell nuclei (blue).

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