Review Article
Oxidant/Antioxidant Imbalance in Alzheimer’s Disease: Therapeutic and Diagnostic Prospects
Table 1
Impaired oxidative stress defense mechanisms in the brain and peripheral blood in AD.
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The table summarizes the changes in the oxidative stress defense mechanisms reported in the brain and blood from MCI and/or AD patients relative to healthy controls; the corresponding references are given; arrows indicate direction of changes in protein levels or activities, described in detail in the text. AD: Alzheimer’s disease; MCI: mild cognitive impairment; Cat: catalyse, GCL: glutamylcysteine ligase; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GR: glutathione reductase; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HO-1: heme oxygenase 1; Hsp: heat shock protein; MsrA: methionine sulfoxide reductase A; Nrf-2: nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; SIRT-1: sirtuin 1; SOD: superoxide dismutase; Thx: thioredoxin; ThxR: thioredoxin reductase; UCP1: uncoupling protein 1. |