ZP2495 Protects against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Mice through Improvement of Cardiac Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function: The Possible Involvement of AMPK-FoxO3a Signal Pathway

Figure 1

Effects of ZP2495, glucagon, and ZP131 on cardiac function and hemodynamic and cardiac glucose metabolism in db/db mice after I/R injury. (a) Representative M-mode echocardiography images. (b) Measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). (c) Measurement of left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS). (d, e) Measurement of maximal velocity of pressure development and decline (±dP/dt). (f) Representative PET/CT scan images from each group. Higher glucose uptake level is evidenced by an increase in the intensity of red color. (g) Quantification of accumulated ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) in the heart. Relative accumulation of the radioactivity in particular regions of interest was expressed as standardized uptake value (SUV). (h) Myocardial infarct size was assessed by Evans blue/2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) double staining. Evans blue stained areas (black) indicated nonischemic/reperfused area. TTC-stained areas (red staining) indicated ischemic but viable tissue. Evans blue/TTC staining negative areas indicated infarcted myocardium. (i) Summary of infarct area (INF) per area at risk (AAR). (j) Summary of AAR per left ventricle (LV). Sham: BKS + sham group; db/db: db/db + sham group; I/R: db/db + I/R group; ZP2495: db/db + I/R + ZP2495 group; glucagon: db/db + I/R + glucagon group; and ZP131: db/db + I/R + ZP131 group. Presented values are mean ± SEM. versus the sham group; versus the db/db group; ^$ versus the db/db + I/R group; and ^£ versus the db/db + I/R + ZP2495 group.

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