Photobiomodulation at Multiple Wavelengths Differentially Modulates Oxidative Stress In Vitro and In Vivo

Figure 1

Effect of PBM on clinical parameters and oxidative stress in OM patients. (a) Schematic representation of the study design. Enrolled patients were treated with PBM for 4 consecutive days followed by a control session on day 5. Saliva samples were collected on treatment days before and after each PBM session and once on day 5. (b) Evaluation of OM severity by VAS score (left panel) and CTC score (right panel) over time. Both parameters significantly decreased over time (Friedman’s test for VAS and for CTC). Dunn’s multiple comparison test compared to T0. (c) Percentage of patients indicating the presence (black bars) or absence (white bars) of either pain or functional alterations in swallowing, chewing, or speaking over time. (d) TOS levels in the patient saliva at the indicated time points. Data are the means ± SD. Mann–Whitney test .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)