Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Antioxidant Defense, Oxidative Modification, and Salivary Gland Function in a Rat Model of Insulin Resistance
Table 2
Effect of NAC supplementation on plasma SOD, CAT, and GPx activities and GSH, TAS, TOS, OSI, 8-OHdG, AOPP, 4-HNE protein adduct, AGE, and total protein concentrations.
Plasma
C () M (min–max)
C + NAC () M (min–max)
HFD () M (min–max)
HFD + NAC () M (min–max)
SOD (mU/mg of protein)
0.76 (0.65–0.88)
0.32 (0.20–0.55)
0.27 (0.22–0.33)
0.59 (0.48–0.73)
CAT (nmol H2O2/min/mg of protein)
1.53 (1.00–1.78)
0.78 (0.47–1.28)
0.73 (0.61–0.96)∗∗
0.66 (0.43–0.77)∗∗
GPx (μU/mg of protein)
32.85 (17.65–39.99)
27.39 (18.25–36.32)
34.45 (24.97–50.43)
46.88 (33.14–53.10)
GSH (ng/mg of protein)
0.72 (0.55–0.92)
0.67 (0.46–0.94)
0.28 (0.18–0.47)
0.91 (0.84–1.05)
TAS (μmol/mg of protein)
0.62 (0.56–0.65)
0.42 (0.35–0.53)
0.38 (0.34–0.41)
0.48 (0.38–0.58)
TOS (μmol/mg of protein)
1.45 (0.77–1.86)
2.64 (1.04–4.16)
3.52 (2.95–4.24)
2.08 (0.92–3.32)
OSI
227.85 (122.68–296.46)
604.77 (286.40–901.52)
927.7 (781.51–1211.9)
446.87 (177.89–726.32)
8-OHdG (pg/mg of protein)
0.02 (0.01–0.04)
0.19 (0.01–0.44)
0.12 (0.02–0.21)
0.18 (0.02–0.34)
AOPP (nmol/mg of protein)
1.55 (1.13–1.81)
2.67 (1.59–5.36)
3.81 (2.85–4.61)
2.24 (1.54–2.57)
4-HNE protein adduct (μg/mg of protein)
30.42 (14.33–50.44)
36.29 (24.47–53.98)
70.47 (66.52–78.64)
19.24 (2.46–42.48)
AGE (fluorescence/mg of protein)
0.89 (0.76–0.98)
1.37 (0.86–2.61)
1.41 (1.04–1.94)
1.16 (0.73–1.15)
Protein (μg/mL)
4551 (4103–4964)
4423.9 (3588.6–5027.4)
4271.0 (3471.3–4848.8)
3886.2 (3432.0–5027.4)
C: control rats; C + NAC: control rats + N-acetylcysteine; HFD: high-fat fed rats; HFD + NAC: high-fat fed rats + N-acetylcysteine; M: median: min: minimum; max: maximum; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase, GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GSH: reduced glutathione; TAS: total antioxidant status; TOS: total oxidant status; OSI: oxidative status index; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-d-guanosine; AOPP: advanced oxidation protein products; 4-HNE protein adduct: 4 hydroxynonenal protein adduct; AGE: advanced glycation end products. HFD and HFD + NAC; C + NAC and C; HFD and C; HFD + NAC and C.
