Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Antioxidant Defense, Oxidative Modification, and Salivary Gland Function in a Rat Model of Insulin Resistance
Table 4
Effect of NAC supplementation on submandibular glands SOD, CAT, and Px activities and GSH, TAS, TOS, OSI, 8-OHdG, AOPP, 4-HNE protein adduct, AGE, and total protein concentrations.
Submandibular glands
C () M (min–max)
C + NAC () M (min–max)
HFD () M (min–max)
HFD + NAC () M (min–max)
SOD (mU/mg of protein)
0.33 (0.12–0.48)
0.36 (0.33–0.41)
0.33 (0.23–0.39)
0.37 (0.24–0.49)
CAT (nmol H2O2/min/mg of protein)
1.18 (0.98–1.36)
1.02 (0.76–1.27)
1.1 (0.8–1.4)
1.34 (1.11–1.65)
Px (μU/mg of protein)
48.36 (44.53–53.91)
38.8 (28.1–56.1)
32.76 (22.11–40.04)
31.78 (29.24–35.30)
GSH (ng/mg of protein)
1.09 (0.95–1.18)
1.31 (1.05–1.64)
0.56 (0.16–0.76)
0.95 (0.83–1.21)
TAS (μmol/mg of protein)
0.56 (0.43–0.73)
0.63 (0.44–0.81)
0.35 (0.22–0.46)
0.61 (0.55–0.78)
TOS (μmol/mg of protein)
0.61 (0.37–0.79)
0.58 (0.34–0.87)
1.6 (1.4–1.9)
1.24 (1.05–1.35),
OSI
118.47 (50.47–169.84)
89.92 (58.09–114.92)
471.10 (326.46–621.83)
187.2 (179.4–280.7),
8-OHdG (pg/mg of protein)
1.23 (1.02–1.41)
1.29 (1.11–1.47)
1.31 (1.01–1.87)
1.42 (1.36–1.49)
AOPP (nmol/mg of protein)
9.35 (7.90–11.01)
9.81 (9.32–12.57)
18.85 (17.69–23.31)
15.47 (12.74–16.97),
4-HNE protein adduct (μg/mg of protein)
7.29 (3.74–10.61)
32.82 (9.99–46.88)
37.88 (27.41–45.84)
21.27 (13.24–26.02),
AGE (fluorescence/mg of protein)
0.26 (0.21–0.37)
0.5 (0.45–0.52)
0.41 (0.39–0.45)
0.32 (0.20–0.55)
Protein (μg/mL)
3804 (3567–3933)
3548 (3413–3673)
3210 (3080–3387)
3282 (3160–3423)
C: control rats; C + NAC: control rats + N-acetylcysteine; HFD: high-fat fed rats; HFD + NAC: high-fat fed rats + N-acetylcysteine; M: median; min: minimum; max: maximum; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; Px: peroxidase; GSH: reduced glutathione; TAS: total antioxidant status; TOS: total oxidant status; OSI: oxidative status index; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-d-guanosine; AOPP: advanced oxidation protein products; 4-HNE protein adduct: 4 hydroxynonenal protein adduct; AGE: advanced glycation end products. HFD and HFD + NAC; C + NAC and C; HFD and C; HFD + NAC and C.
