Extracts from the Mediterranean Food Plants Carthamus lanatus, Cichorium intybus, and Cichorium spinosum Enhanced GSH Levels and Increased Nrf2 Expression in Human Endothelial Cells

Table 2

Total phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity against ABTS^•+ and O₂^•− radicals, protective activity against peroxyl (ROO•) radical-induced DNA damage, and reducing power of the extracts.

Plant variety	TPC (mg GAE/gr dw)	IC50 (μg/ml)
		ABTS^•+	O2^•−	ROO•	Reducing power (RP0.5AU)
Carthamus lanatus	408	7.9 ± 0.9	6.3 ± 0.4	110.0 ± 8.2	5.0 ± 0.3
Cichorium intybus	320	9.1 ± 0.6	8.2 ± 0.7	105.0 ± 7.6	6.0 ± 0.2
Cichorium spinosum	117	28.0 ± 3.1	21.0 ± 1.4	300.0 ± 17.3	8.0 ± 0.6
Crepis sancta	288	12.0 ± 1.5	7.5 ± 0.6	132.0 ± 9.8	10.5 ± 0.9
Sonchus asper	56	66.0 ± 7.2	56.0 ± 3.8	970.0 ± 53.4	47.0 ± 3.3
Amaranthus blitum	63	72.0 ± 9.6	21.0 ± 1.2	443.0 ± 19.5	65.0 ± 4.6

TPC: total polyphenolic content. Values are the mean ± SD of at least two separate triplicate experiments. Values are the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. RP_0.5AU: extract concentration (μg/ml) caused absorbance of 0.5 at 700 nm. Values are statistically significant, .