Defatted Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Seed Meal and Its Phenolic-Saponin-Rich Extract Protect Hypercholesterolemic Rats against Oxidative Stress and Systemic Inflammation via Transcriptional Modulation of Hepatic Antioxidant Genes
Table 1
Composition (g/100 g diet) and energy distribution of diets.
Rat Groups
NC
AD/Statin
DKSM-Low
DKSM-High
PSRE-Low
PSRE-High
Ingredient
Ground standard rat chow
100.0
60.0
45.0
30.0
57.7
55.4
DKSM
15.0
30.0
PSRE
2.3
4.6#
Palm oil
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
Full cream milk powder
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
Egg yolk
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
Cholesterol
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
Cholic acid
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
Starch
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Energy distribution
Protein (% kcal)
22.2
13.2
14.1
15.0
12.9
12.5
Carbohydrate (% kcal)
65.8
35.7
35.6
35.5
36.0
36.4
Fat (% kcal)
12.0
51.1
50.3
49.5
51.1
51.1
Total caloric value (kcal/100 g diet)
360.8
479.3
476.1
473.0
478.2
477.0
Based on 15.36% (w/w) extraction yield, which corresponds to the equivalent level of total DKSM-phenolics and saponins in the “DKSM-Low” group; #based on 15.36% (w/w) extraction yield, which corresponds to the equivalent level of total DKSM-phenolics and saponins in the “DKSM-High” group.
