Occupational Exposure to Pesticides in Tobacco Fields: The Integrated Evaluation of Nutritional Intake and Susceptibility on Genomic and Epigenetic Instability

Table 3

Concentration of trace (μg/mL) and ultratrace elements (ng/mL) determined in whole blood for both nonexposed and exposed groups. Data presented as error (SE). Unpaired -test.

Element	Nonexposed ()	Exposed ()	value
Aluminium (Al)	112.60 ± 12.00	230.50 ± 37.10	0.046
Antimony (Sb)	16.15 ± 2.64	19.17 ± 3.27	0.474
Arsenic (As)	3.61 ± 0.70	7.88 ± 1.27	0.006
Barium (Ba)	25.37 ± 3.30	19.62 ± 2.08	0.310
Beryllium (Be)	0.11 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	0.548
Bismuth (Bi)	0.83 ± 0.09	0.67 ± 0.09	0.211
Cadmium (Cd)	0.83 ± 0.07	0.99 ± 0.08	0.169
Calcium (Ca)	312,752 ± 34,868	271,559 ± 36,957	0.420
Chromium (Cr)	5.08 ± 0.66	8.44 ± 1.30	0.026
Cobalt (Co)	0.48 ± 0.06	0.59 ± 0.07	0.261
Copper (Cu)	3322 ± 267.60	4785 ± 380.90	0.003
Iron (Fe)^a	2,580,203 ± 109,596	2,657,316 ± 110,552	0.622
Lead (Pb)	73.49 ± 8.48	97.88 ± 12.42	0.181
Lithium (Li)	0.17 ± 0.79	0.96 ± 0.90	0.513
Magnesium (Mg)^a	158,025 ± 4678	149,515 ± 3298	0.145
Manganese (Mn)	74.92 ± 4.33	71.08 ± 2.71	0.651
Mercury (Hg)	2.74 ± 0.45	1.80 ± 0.22	0.251
Molybdenum (Mo)	1.95 ± 0.30	2.41 ± 0.28	0.269
Nickel (Ni)	2.75 ± 0.50	5.90 ± 0.85	0.008
Potassium (K)^a	6,380,585 ± 728,826	8,300,853 ± 284,196	0.038
Selenium (Se)	762.50 ± 37.21	640.50 ± 23.27	0.007
Silver (Ag)	0.54 ± 0.07	0.47 ± 0.09	0.514
Sodium (Na)^a	6,232,252 ± 737,640	5,730,624 ± 795,854	0.645
Vanadium (V)	20.48 ± 1.65	19.76 ± 1.63	0.758
Zinc (Zn)^a	24,793 ± 1396	29,155 ± 970.60	0.030

^aTrace elements.