Genetic Code Expansion: A Powerful Tool for Understanding the Physiological Consequences of Oxidative Stress Protein Modifications

Figure 4

(a) Total number of publications on PubMed containing the word ‘nitrotyrosine’ in the title or abstract published up to the year indicated. The publication of the first nitrotyrosine antibody by Beckman and coworkers in 1994 is denoted with an arrow. (b) The cycle of development of chemical biology tools for studying Ox-PTMs. New methods like development of antibodies allow easier detection of Ox-PTMs, which naturally lead to increased interest and development of new chemical biology tools, including GCE, for studying Ox-PTMs. Tools like GCE allow for development of better detection methods, which further reinforces the cycle.

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