Biotoxicological Analyses of Trimeroside from Baccharis trimera Using a Battery of In Vitro Test Systems

Table 2

Induction of his⁺ revertants in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains by trimeroside with and without metabolic activation.

Substance	Concentration (mg/plate)	Number of his^+ revertants/plates mean ± SD
		TA98				TA100
		−S9	MI	+S9	MI	−S9	MI	+S9	MI
DMSO		22.0 ± 1.7		17.3 ± 5.9		105.0 ± 10.0		95.0 ± 13.0
Trimeroside	0.2500	27.3 ± 2.3	1.24	18.7 ± 4.2	1.08	110.7 ± 18.5	1.05	122.7 ± 11.6	1.29
	0.5000	20.7 ± 5.7	0.94	17.3 ± 4.0	1.00	114.7 ± 16.0	1.09	151.0 ± 5.0	1.59
	1.0000	21.8 ± 2.3	0.99	22.3 ± 7.6	1.29	168.3 ± 49.1	1.60	147.0 ± 7.8	1.55
	2.5000	20.0 ± 2.0	0.91	25.3 ± 0.6	1.46	107.7 ± 19.9	1.03	173.3 ± 4.5	1.82
	5.0000	18.7 ± 4.2	0.85	25.0 ± 6.2	1.44	105.3 ± 6.7	1.00	168.0 ± 3.6	1.77
4NQO	0.0005	337.7 ± 15.0	15.35
NaN3	0.0010					2605 ± 194.6	24.8
AFB-1	0.0010			551.3 ± 52.5	31.8			426.0 ± 36.4	4.48

Significantly different in relation to DMSO (negative control) and (ANOVA, Dunnett’s test). Mean of three independent experiments ± SD; MI: mutagenic index (number of his⁺ induced in the sample/number of spontaneous his⁺ in the negative control); dimethyl sulfoxide (10 μL) negative control used as solvent of trimeroside; 4-nitroquinoline oxide used as positive control (without S9mix) to TA98; sodium azide used as positive control (without S9mix) to TA100; aflatoxin B₁ used as positive control (with S9mix) to TA98 and TA100.