Atorvastatin Downregulates In Vitro Methyl Methanesulfonate and Cyclophosphamide Alkylation-Mediated Cellular and DNA Injuries

Figure 5

Cell cycle analysis of HepG2 cells after treatment with atorvastatin (AVA) and also cotreatments with AVA and cyclophosphamide (CPA). HepG2 cells were incubated with 1, 10, and 25 μM AVA or 60 μM CPA or coincubated with 1, 10, and 25 μM AVA plus 20 μM CPA during 24 h. The negative control was DMSO 1%. The histograms represent the percentages of cell cycle phases in each condition by flow cytometry. Data of 104 cells were analyzed using the Summit v4.3 software (Dako Colorado Inc., USA). Cotreatment with AVA reduced the sub-G1 percentage of cells (a) and polyploid cells (b), in comparison to only CPA-exposed cells, without affecting G1 (c), S (d), and G2 (e) phases. The representative histograms demonstrated that in comparison to the control (f), 25 μM AVA (g) did not induce alterations on the cell cycle pattern. On the other hand, 60 μM CPA (h) increased sub-G1 percentage of cells, but after the cotreatment with 25 μM AVA (i) in CPA-exposed cells, it was restored (; versus the control and versus CPA only; one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey’s post hoc test).

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