The Possible Pathophysiological Outcomes and Mechanisms of Tourniquet-Induced Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury during Total Knee Arthroplasty
Table 2
Effects of TQ-induced I/R injury on local and systemic circulation.
Study model/specimen/sample size/age
TQ pressure/ischemia time
Main findings (compared to baseline level)
Interpretation
References
Clinical outcome
Mechanism
Local circulation
Systemic circulation
Randomized controlled trial/antecubital venous blood//blood from surgical drain//approx. 70 ± 7 yr
250 mmHg, approx. 90 ± 15 min
N/A
Surgical drainage tube ↓↓ GSH ↑↑ GSSG ↑↑ MDA
Antecubital vein ↓ GSH ↑ GSSG ↑ MDA
Changes in glutathione oxidation and lipid peroxidation happened earlier and more intensely in the blood from the reperfused area than from the systemic circulation