|
| Study model/specimen/TQ pressure | Drug/dose/TQ ischemia time/sample size/age | Main findings (compared between groups) | Interpretation | References |
| Intervention | Control |
|
| RCT/venous blood | Vitamin C, 0.03 g/kg during ischemia then 0.01 g/kg after reperfusion, 91 ± 11 min, , 71 ± 4 yr | Normal saline, 91 ± 14 min, , 70 ± 4 yr | Serum MDA
Serum troponin I
Vitamin C group < control | High-dose vitamin C prevents oxygen free radical production and may have myocardial protection properties | [31] |
| RCT/vastus lateralis muscle biopsy/double SBP mmHg | Mannitol, 930 mosmol/kg, 12.5 mL/kg/day, 75–93 min, , 64–74 yr | 5% glucose, 18.75 mL/kg/day, 50–88 min, , 62–79 yr | Muscle GSH, tGSH
Muscle amino acid
Mannitol group ↔ control | No positive effects of mannitol in this TQ-induced I/R model | [11] |
| RCT/venous blood, quadriceps femoris muscle biopsy/300 mmHg | iNO, 80 ppm entire operation, 101 ± 20 min, , 63 ± 14 yr
Partial iNO,
80 ppm during operation except ischemia period, 103 ± 19 min, , 65 ± 9 yr | Nitrogen, 95 ± 19 min, , 64 ± 9 yr | Plasma ICAM, VCAM
Plasma P-selectin, E-selectin
CD68+ macrophage expression
Expression of ICAM, VCAM, P-selectin
iNO, partial iNO groups ↔ control | No beneficial effects of iNO in this TQ-induced I/R model | [55] |
| RCT/antecubital venous blood/200 mmHg | Lower O2 tension, , 61–110 min, , 66–77 yr | Higher O2 tension, , 86–107 min, , 62–74 yr | Plasma isofurans
Lower FiO2 < higher FiO2 | Elevated O2 tension during general anesthesia reflects increased oxidative stress | [53] |
| RCT/venous blood, urine/300–350 mmHg | NAC, 150 mg/kg before ischemia then 6.25 mg/kg/h during ischemia, 77–113 min, , 62–77 yr | 5% glucose, 83–121 min, , 64–73 yr | Urine α-1-microglobulin/Cr ratio
Urine NAG/Cr ratio
Urine myoglobin
NAC group > control | High-dose NAC may aggravate proximal tubular injury | [30] |
|
