Rhaponticum carthamoides Transformed Root Extract Has Potent Anticancer Activity in Human Leukemia and Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines

Figure 4

nDNA damage estimated as lesion frequency per 10 kb in TP53 and HPRT1 genes in cell lines K-562, CCRF-CEM, and A549 after 24 h treatment with R. carthamoides extracts from the roots of soil-grown plants (Rc NR extract) and transformed roots (Rc TR extract). SLR-qRT-PCR was used to quantify nDNA damage. The results represent mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Control: untreated cells. cells treatment with Rc NR extract or TR extract vs. control cells; Rc NR extract vs. Rc TR extract.