Comparison of Cardiac miRNA Transcriptomes Induced by Diabetes and Rapamycin Treatment and Identification of a Rapamycin-Associated Cardiac MicroRNA Signature

Table 3

MicroRNAs that modulate diabetes, cardiac fibrosis and other cardiovascular diseases and differentially expressed in ZL-Rap versus ZL-C.

MicroRNAs	ZL-Rap/ZL-C	Link to diabetes and/or CVD
		Diabetes	CVD
miR-455	6.76	Suppressed [39]	—
miR-451	5.1076	Suppressed [40]	Induces cardiac hypertrophy [40]
miR-101b	5.0625	—	Suppresses cardiac hypertrophy [67, 77]
miR-29b/c	4.75/3.83	Increased in diabetes [36–38]	Correlates with CVD progression in diabetes [36–38, 118]
miR-19a	4.7089	Increased in diabetes [119]	Induces heart failure and vascular inflammation [120–122]
miR-499	3.8636	Induces insulin resistance [79]	Increases atrial fibrillation, cardiac damage, heart disease [79–82]
miR-539	3.7249	Increased in diabetes [123]	Induces mitochondrial fission, cardiomyocyte apoptosis [123, 124]
miR-363	3.7249	Urinary marker for diabetes [125]	Inhibition protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis [126]
miR-335	3.2761	Improves diabetic wound healing [42]	—
miR-92b	3.0976	—	Increased in heart failure patients [127]
miR-495	3.0976	Urinary marker for diabetes [125]	Involved in causing hypertrophy [128, 129]
miR-7a	2.8224	Inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion [130]	Protects against cardiomyocyte injury [131, 132]
miR-429	2.56	Impairs intestinal barrier in diabetic mice [133]	Causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis [134]
miR-487b	2.3409	—	Mitigates chronic heart failure [135]
miR-144	−2.28	Increased in diabetes [41]	Loss of miR-144 impairs cardioprotection [136]
miR-542	−2.28	—	Involved in aortic calcification [137]

Please see Supplemental Table 2 for the exact gene expression levels and values.