|
| Study (ref) | Participants | Study design | Intervention | Outcomes measured |
|
| Chacko et al., 2011 [26] | Male Sprague-Dawley rats (260–300 g) | Parallel design, chronic ethanol exposure model, , blinding: single | 5 and 25 mg·kg−1·day−1 (1.3 and 7.5 mg·day−1) MitoQ for 4 weeks | Protein oxidation (3-NT), mitochondrial ROS production in liver samples |
| Coudray et al., 2014 [31] | Male Sprague-Dawley rats (190–200 g), 6 weeks of age | Parallel design, rat feeding model: obesogenic diet, , blinding: single | 0.86 g·kg−1 (167.7 mg·day−1) MitoQ in a high-fat diet for 8 weeks | Antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GPx, SOD), lipid peroxidation (8-isoprostane), mitochondrial membrane potential, genes related to oxidative stress response/antioxidant activity (Nrf2) in liver samples |
| Dare et al., 2015 [28] | Male C57BL/6 mice | Parallel design, ischemia-reperfusion injury model, , blinding: single | Mice exposed to sham operation with 4 mg·kg−1 (0.10 mg·day−1) MitoQ administration, for 24 hours reperfusion | Oxidative damage (mtDNA), protein oxidation (PC) in kidney sample |
| Feillet-Coudray et al., 2016 [30] | Male Sprague-Dawley rats (175–200 g), 6 weeks of age | Parallel design, obesogenic diet-fed, , blinding: single | 0.86 g·kg−1 (161.25 mg·day−1) MitoQ given in high-fat diet for 8 weeks | Mitochondrial ROS production and membrane potential in skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) sample |
| Gioscia-Ryan et al., 2014 [16] | Male C57BL/6 mice, 6 or 25 months of age | Parallel design, MitoQ supplemented in drinking water, , blinding: single | 250 μM (169.70 mg·day−1) MitoQ dissolved in drinking water for 4 weeks | Acute mitochondrial ROS production, protein oxidation (3-NT) in smooth muscle (carotid artery) sample |
| Lowes et al., 2008 [27] | Male Sprague -Dawley rats (500 g) | Parallel design, LPS/PepG model of sepsis, , blinding: single | 7.5 μmol·kg−1 (2.54 mg·day−1) MitoQ given in 1 ml saline bolus then 5 μmol·kg−1·h−1 at follow-up for 6 hours | Mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential change in lung, liver and gut, and heart samples |
| Lowes et al., 2013 [14] | Male Sprague-Dawley rats (463 g) | Parallel design, at LPS/PepG model of sepsis, , blinding: double | 1.5 μmol·kg−1 (0.69 mg·day−1) MitoQ given in 1 ml bolus saline with 1 μmol·kg−1·h−1 as follow-up for 5 hours | Protein oxidation (PC), oxidative damage (DNA) in liver sample. Median data are reported. |
| Maiti et al., 2017 [23] | Male and female adult Sprague-Dawley rats (210 ± 18.19 g) | Parallel design, Pb neurotoxicity model, , blinding: single | 500 μM (339.41 mg·day−1) MitoQ dissolved in drinking water for 15 days | Lipid peroxidation (MDA, TBARS), protein oxidation (PC, 3-NT), mitochondrial membrane potential in brain sample |
| McManus et al., 2011 [21] | Female 3xTg-AD mice (transgenic and wild-type) | Parallel design, transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, , blinding: single | 100 μM (67.88 mg·day−1) MitoQ dissolved in drinking water for 5 months | Lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein oxidation (3-NT) in cultured brain samples |
| Mercer et al., 2012 [18] | Male and female ATM+/−/ApoE−/− and littermate ATM+/+/ApoE−/− mice, 6 weeks of age | Parallel design, high-fat western diet-fed, , blinding: single | 500 μM (339.41 mg·day−1) MitoQ given as α-cyclodextrin complex of the methanesulfonate salt for 14 weeks | Protein oxidation (PC), mitochondrial DNA in heart and liver samples |
| Miquel et al., 2014 [24] | Male and female transgenic ALS mice carrying the G93A-mutated human SOD1 strain, 90 days of age | Parallel design, ALS mouse model, , blinding: single | 500 μM (339.41 mg·day−1) MitoQ (as β-cyclodextrin complex) dissolved into drinking water, for 20 days | Protein oxidation (3-NT), reactive oxygen species metabolism (SOD) in brain, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle (quadriceps) samples |
| Ng et al., 2014 [25] | Transgenic nematode strain CL2006 (unc-54/Aβ1–42) and wild-type (N2), 4 days post hatch | Parallel design, Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer’s disease, , blinding: double | 1 μM (0.68 mg·day−1) MitoQ stock solutions prepared in deionised water before being added to NGM agar 6 days post hatching | Protein oxidation (PC) of whole body (nematode) sample and oxidative damage (mtDNA) in mitochondria of nematodes |
| Ojano-Dirain et al., 2014 [35] | Albino male guinea pigs (250–350 g) | Parallel design, rats undergoing auditory brainstem response, , blinding: single | 0.03 g·l−1 MitoQ (as β-cyclodextrin complex of the methane sulfonate salt) dissolved in drinking water for 90 days | Protein oxidation (PC, 3-NT), antioxidant enzymes (SO) in inner ear (organ of corti) samples |
| Parajuli et al., 2012 [22] | Male farm pigs (25–30 kg) | Parallel design, cold storage of the kidneys, , blinding: single | 100 μM (67.88 mg·day−1) MitoQ flushed through the kidneys then stored with 1 l Belzer solution for 2 days | Protein oxidation (3-NT), mitochondrial ROS production in kidney samples |
| Powell et al., 2015 [29] | Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250–350 g) | Parallel design, rat model haemorrhagic shock and reperfusion, , blinding: single | 5 mg·kg−1 (1.50 mg·day−1) MitoQ given IV then following resuscitation at 20 mg·kg−1 IP | Lipid peroxidation (TBARs), antioxidant enzyme activity (GPx, CAT, and SOD) in liver sample |
| Rodriguez-Cuenca et al., 2010 [19] | Male C57BL/6 mice, 4–6 weeks of age | Parallel design, MitoQ supplemented in drinking water, , blinding: single | 500 μM (339.41 mg·day−1) MitoQ, (as a β-cyclodextrin complex of the methane sulfonate salt) dissolved in drinking water for 28 weeks | Protein oxidation (PC), oxidative damage (DNA) in heart and liver sample |
| Sakellariou et al., 2016 [20] | Male and female wild-type C57BL/6 mice, 24 months of age | Parallel design, CRM rodent diet-fed, , blinding: single | Mitoquinone mesylate, at 100 μM (67.88 mg·day−1), (as a β-cyclodextrin complex) in drinking water for 15 weeks | Lipid peroxidation (8-OHdG), protein oxidation (3-NT), oxidative damage (DNA), mitochondrial membrane potential in skeletal muscle (anterior tibialis) sample |
| Shill et al., 2016 [33] | Males, 18–40 yr old, healthy | Parallel design, participants undergoing moderate exercise, , blinding: double | 10 mg MitoQ pill daily with breakfast for 3 weeks | Lipid peroxidation (MDA, TBARs), oxidative damage (DNA) in blood samples |
| Supinski et al., 2009 [17] | Male and female rats (200–250 g) and mice (25–35 g) | Parallel design, E. coli model of sepsis, , blinding: single | 500 μM (339.41 mg·day−1) MitoQ injected IP with endotoxin for 2 days | Protein oxidation (PC) in heart samples |
| Wani et al., 2011 [32] | Male albino rats (100–150 g) | Parallel design, stress induced, , blinding: single | 100 μmol·kg−1·day−1 (67.88 mg·day−1) MitoQ dissolved in purified water for 12 weeks | Lipid peroxidation (MDA, TBARs, 8-OHdG), protein oxidation (PC), antioxidant enzymes (SOD) in brain sample |
| Xiao et al., 2017 [38] | Male diabetic C57BL/6 mice, 12 weeks old | Parallel design, 3-arm, , blinding: single | IP injection (5 mg twice wk−1) for 12 weeks | Mitochondrial membrane potential, Nrf2 in cultured kidney cells (human proximal tubular cell line, HK-2) |
|
