Hydroxytyrosol Ameliorates Endothelial Function under Inflammatory Conditions by Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Figure 6

HT increases mitochondrial biogenesis in stimulated endothelial cells. HUVEC were pretreated with HT (1–30 μmol/L) for 1 h and then stimulated with PMA for further 16 h. The expression of mitochondrial biogenesis factors was evaluated by Western blotting (a), and the corresponding mRNA levels were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR (b, c). DNA was isolated, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contents. The mtDNA content was expressed as the ratio of the mtDNA copy number to the nDNA copy number (mtDNA/nDNA) (d). Data are representative of four independent experiments (mean ± SD) and expressed as percentage of PMA-stimulated endothelial cells. versus CTR; versus PMA alone.

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