Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Shows Protection against PPARγ Inactivation in Nitrosative Neurons

Figure 4

The inhibitory effect of HSYA on 3-nitrotyrosine accumulation in the SIN-1-injected rat hippocampus. (a) The time-dependent induction of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) formation by SIN-1. SIN-1 (25 mM) was injected to the rat hippocampus, and the abundance of 3-NT was measured at 0, 12, 18, and 24 h after the injection by Western blotting. The bar graph illustrates the densitometrical analysis of nitrotyrosine protein mass (normalized by GAPDH). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (). compared to control (untreated). (b, c) Reduced 3-NT accumulation by HSYA in the SIN-1-injected hippocampus. Rats were treated intravenously with increasing doses of HSYA (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg), 30 min before SIN-1 injection. The effect of HSYA on 3-NT accumulation was determined at 24 h after SIN-1 injection by Western blotting (b) and immunofluorescence (c). The bar graph illustrates the densitometrical analysis of nitrotyrosine protein mass. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (). compared to control (untreated) and compared to SIN-1 alone. Photomicrographs show the labeling of 3-NT (red) in the CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) areas. Scale bar, 20 μm.

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