Critical Role of Zinc as Either an Antioxidant or a Prooxidant in Cellular Systems

Figure 2

Involvement of zinc as a prooxidant. ATP: adenosine triphosphate; complex I: NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase; complex III: cytochrome bc1 complex; complex IV: cytochrome c oxidase; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; KGDHC: alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex; LADH: lipoamide dehydrogenase; MT: metallothionein; NADH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; PTP1B: protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TCA: tricarboxylic acid, (NADH); ZIP: zinc importer; ZnT: zinc transporter.